For liquids, we usually call them hydraulic turbines or hydroturbines. Francis turbines hydro turbines manufacturers and suppliers. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. Jan 23, 2018 francis turbine is the most widely used turbine in hydropower plants to generate electricity. Design analysis of parts of francis turbine ppt download. The savonius wind turbine is an aerodynamically drag based, selfstarting turbine with low cut in speed but their inefficiency curtails them to fewer applications, whereas, darrieus wind turbines. The rated head and discharge for the turbine were 48 m and 7. Penstock input pipes diameters are between 1 and 10 meters 3 and 33 feet.
The fluid enters from the penstock to a spiral casing which completely surrounds the runner. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free. It is a large size conduit which conveys water from the upstream to the damreservoir to the turbine runner. The turbine powered generator power output generally ranges from 10 to 750 megawatts. Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems, hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft engines. It is the casing around the turbine wheel and it evenly distributes the water around the circumference of the wheel. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used. The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine and is used in devices with a wide variety of head and flow. The chapter is included to give an assembled presentation of. The choice of water turbine depends on the site conditions, notably on the head of water h and the water flow rate q. To study constructional features of francis turbine bme. National institute of technology, bhopal, madhya pradesh, india dr.
Functions of spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, blade pitching and draft tube. View and download powerpoint presentations on kaplan turbine ppt. Examples losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions. Vishnu prasad associate professor department of civil engineering, m.
Prime movers and governing systems ppt video online download 2 hydraulic turbines and governing systems. Ppt reverse francis turbine powerpoint presentation. Water turbine is used to convert energy contained in water, potential energy or kinetic energy, into mechanical or electrical energy. L argesized francis turbine s are commonly used at hydraulic head range of 20700m. Governing system or digital elecrohydraulic system authorstream. Water particle water from spiral casing r a d i a l r a d a l runner guide ivanes runner guide vanes v i e w v e w andi stay vanes and stay vanes 16.
In mwchanism of mechnism streams the flow govegning excess during one period and deficient during another period for its regulation artificial storage is needed. Svartisen p 350 mw h 543 m q 371,5 m s d 0 4,86 m d 1 4,31m d 2 2,35 m b 0 0,28 m n 333 rpm. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented. This turbine is used for medium heads with medium discharge. For generation of electricity in thermal power plants, steam turbines are used coal fuel oil or nuclear power provides the primary source of energy. Francis turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. Therefore, an evolution took place that converted the francis turbine to. Pelton turbine pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. In francis turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the turbine axially. Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine free download as powerpoint presentation.
Introduction to surface water hydrology hydrologic cycle. Characteristics of francis turbine they operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters 33 to 2,3 feet. Francis turbine is used for the production of electricity in hydro power stations. Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine turbine mechanics.
What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis and. Penstock spiral casing guide vanes stay vanes runner and runner blades draft tube spiral casing 14. They are often used in large hydroelectric dam systems. This is called reverse swirl, and is designed to extract the maximum possible momentum from the water, similar to how a pelton wheel turbine bucket turns the water nearly 180o around. Francis turbine working principle, main parts, diagram and. There is no cavitation because water jet strikes only a specific portion of the runner.
First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%. Francis turbines are hydro turbines with widest range of application featured with high efficiency, selflubricating bearings with higher specifications and ecofriendly applicable for dam based projects. The kaplan is of the propeller type, similar to an airplane propeller. Hydraulic design of francis turbine exposed to sediment. Evolution of original pelton wheel into modern pelton wheel. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Ppt turbines powerpoint presentation free to download. Francis turbine is one of the most widely used turbine s. Francis turbines have widest range of applications and are generally used for sites having medium head and medium discharge. The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine which was designed and developed by the american engineer james b. It operates under medium heads and requires medium quantity of flow.
Consists of a spiral casing enclosing a number of stationary guide blades fixed all round the circumference of an inner ring of moving blades vanes forming the runner, which is keyed to the. The francis turbine is the most commonly used turbine today to generate hydroelectricity. To view this presentation, youll need to allow flash. Jul 24, 20 working of francis turbine is explained in this video in a step by step logical manner, with help of animation. The difference between the propeller and kaplan turbines is that the propeller turbine has fixed runner blades while the kaplan. Losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions francis turbines. At full load, the axisymmetric cavitation vortex rope, developing in francis turbine acts as an internal source of energy leading to instability called selfexcited surge. The francis turbine was invented by the american inventor james b. The overall efficiency of the pelton turbine is high. The cfd approach for prediction of efficiency of a 3 mw capacity horizontal axis francis turbine is presented. Here importance of turbine runner, runner blade shape, spiral casing and draft tube.
This design system is applied to a low head francis turbine runner. May 02, 20 with help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. Mixed flow turbine is also used in irrigation water pumping sets to pump water from ground for irrigation. Dec 26, 2019 the crest of spillway is kept at full reservoir level. The gases expand doing work and finally exhausts outside. The computational model consists of spiral casing, 18 numbers of stay vanes and guide vanes, runner having numbers of blades and a draft tube. Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow.
Francis turbines are the most commonly used hydro turbines. It has fewer parts as compared to franciss turbine which has both fixed vanes and guided vanes. Introduction a turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The only difference is instead of the reciprocating motion, gas turbine uses a rotary motion throughout. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about kaplan turbine ppt. It sucks in air from the atmosphere, compresses it. Due to control of both guide and moving vanes, the kaplan turbine gives better efficiency over wide range of load as compared to francis turbine.
View francis turbine ppts online, safely and virusfree. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about francis turbine ppt. Reaction turbine francis, kaplan and propeller turbine. Reaction water turbines generate power from the combined action of pressure and moving water. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. In many modern francis mixedflow hydroturbines, the flow exiting the turbine swirls in a direction opposite to that of the runner itself. Francis turbine references cameroon, 2 horizontal francis. Francis in 1849 developed the radial turbine, named francis turbine. Its complex parameters cause direct effect on the global parameters which change the. The velocity triangle at inlet and outlet of the francis turbine is drawn in the same way as in case of inward flow creation turbine. A francis turbine ahs the following main components. Modern francis turbine is a mixed flow type turbine i.
There are two types of water turbine, the reaction water turbine and the impulse water turbine. Water enters the runner and flows towards the center of the wheel in the radial direction and leaves parallel to the axis of the turbine. The francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine. Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet. Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate. This video explains the technical points of francis turbines, which are often integrated into pumpedstorage plants for power production. Working of francis turbine is explained in this video in a step by step logical manner, with help of animation. Francis turbine diagram, working, parts, advantages. It is the water ways used to carry the water from the reservoir to the turbine. Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Francis turbine converts energy at high pressure heads which are not easily available and hence a turbine was required to convert the energy at low pressure heads, given that the quantity of water was large enough.
Mar 21, 20 a francis turbine is a mixed flow turbine in which the water enters at the circumference of the runner and travels towards the axis of the runner. Steam power plant ppt steam power plant presentations. The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. Majorly there are 2 turbines flow patterns on which they work, namely radial and. Prime movers and governing systems ppt video online download.
To study constructional features of francis turbine bme lab. View and download powerpoint presentations on francis turbine ppt. Francis turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water flowing through them producing electricity more efficiently. An efficiency assessment analysis of a modified gravitational pelton. Optimized selection and sizing for high efficiency delivered with highquality selflubricating bearings as standard which have higher specifications and are environmentfriendly. The kaplan turbine is a great development of early 20th century. Gas turbine functions in the same way as the compressed ignition engine. The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Our steam turbines serve a vast range of industries ranging from food and sugar to biomass and textiles and beyond. It was easy to convert high pressure heads to power easily but difficult to do so for low pressure heads. Cfd approach for flow characteristics of hydraulic francis turbine ruchi khare assistant professor department of civil engineering, m.
Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine used to convert one form of energy into other. Area of crosssection of a scroll casing reduces uniformly from maximum at the entrance. It is most efficient hydro turbine we have till date. Design analysis of parts of francis turbine powerpoint ppt presentation. It is efficient over a wide range of water head and flow rate. Water enters the runner of the turbine in the radial direction and leaves the runner in the axial direction. The parameters of turbine runner affect the hydraulic performance of turbines.
Turbine is a general term for any device that extracts mechanical energy from a fluid generally converting it to rotating energy of a turbine wheel. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. This governinf gives better performance since the force required for operation of francis turbine guide vanes is much more compared to pelton turbine. Impulse turbines are suited for large h and a low q, e.
Ppt design analysis of parts of francis turbine powerpoint. With help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. Francis turbine its components, working and application. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Open channel flow specific energy and rapid transitions hydraulic jumps slowly varying flow open channel control structures 3. Ppt kaplan turbine powerpoint presentation free to. It was designed by american scientist james francis.